Grit and Foreign Language Enjoyment as Predictors of EFL Learners’ Online Engagement: The Mediating Role of Online Learning Self-efficacy

This study examined the relationship among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), second L2 grit, online learning self-efficacy (OLSE), and engagement Iranian English as a (EFL) learners. The involved 578 EFL learners who completed self-report measures of four constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis structural equation modeling were employed to confirm validity scales test hypothesized model. findings indicate that FLE positively affects OLSE influences engagement. Additionally, found mediates between grit These results highlight importance in promoting engagement, mediating role interplay research sheds more light on understanding factors influence has important implications for both theory practice.